Reference Articles

Selecting the Right Chemical Agent for Decontamination of Rooms and Chambers

author: Mark A. Czarneski

Applied Biosafety, Vol 12 No. 2, ABSA, 2007

 

 

Chlorine Dioxide Gas Decontamination of Large Animal Hospital Intensive and Neonatal Care Units

authors: Henry S. Luftman, Michael Regits, Paul Lorcheim, Mark A. Czarneski, Thomas Boyle, Helen Aceto, Barbara Dallap, Donald Munro, and Kym Faylor

Applied Biosafety, Vol 11 No. 3, ABSA, 2006

 

 

Chlorine Dioxide, Part One: A Versatile, High-Value Sterilant for the Biopharmaceutical Industry

authors: Barry Wintner, Anthony Contino, and Gary O'Neill

BioProcess Int'l, December, 2005

 

Chlorine Dioxide, Part Two: A Versatile, High-Value Sterilant for the Biopharmaceutical Industry

authors: Barry Wintner, Anthony Contino, and Gary O'Neill

BioProcess Int'l, January, 2006

 

 

Case Study: Chlorine Dioxide Gas Decontamination of the University of Pennsylvania's George D. Widener Large Animal Hospital Intensive and Neonatal Care Units

authors: Mark A. Czarneski, Paul Lorcheim, Thomas Boyle, Helen Aceto, Barbara Dallap, Donald Munro, Michael A. Regits, and Henry S. Luftman

Animal Lab News, May/June 2005

 

 

 

Isolator Decontamination Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas

authors: Mark A. Czarneski and Paul Lorcheim

Pharmaceutical Technology, April 2005

 

 

Successful Chlorine Dioxide Gas Decontamination of a Blow/Fill/Seal Machine

authors: Mark A. Czarneski and Patrick Poisson

A2C2 Magazine, April 2005

 

Successful Design, Development and Qualification of a Microbiological Challenge Facility to Assess the Effectiveness of BFS Aseptic Processing

authors: F. Leo, P. Poisson, C. S. Sinclair and A. Tallentire

The PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Jan - Feb 2005

 

 

Decontamination Using Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide

author: Paul Lorcheim

Animal Lab News, July/August 2004

 

 

Successful Sterilization Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas: Part One: Sanitizing an Aseptic Fill Isolator

authors: Amnon Eylath, Donald L. Wilson, David Thatcher and Anthony Pankau

BioProcess Int'l, July 2003

 

Successful Sterilization Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas: Part Two: Cleaning Process Vessels

authors: Amnon Eylath, Sushil Madhogarhia, Emilio Rivera, Paul Lorcheim and Mark Czarneski

BioProcess Int'l, August 2003

Recommended Reading

Benarde, M. A., Israel , B. M., Oliveri, V. P., and Granstrom, M. L. 1965. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide as a bactericide. Appl. Microbiol. 13:776.

Chen, Y. and Vaughn, J. M. 1990. Inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses by chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1363-1366.

Du J., Han Y., and Linton R. H., Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes spotted onto different apple surfaces using chlorine dioxide gas, Food Microbiology 19, 481, 2002.

Eylath, A., S. Madhogarhia, E. Rivera, P. Lorcheim, and M. Czarneski. 2003a. Successful sterilization using chlorine dioxide gas: part one-sanitizing as aseptic fill isolator. BioProcess Intl. 1(7).

Eylath, A., S. Madhogarhia, E. Rivera, P. Lorcheim, and M. Czarneski. 2003b. Successful sterilization using chlorine dioxide gas: part two-cleaning process vessels. BioProcess Intl. 1(8):2-4.

Foegeding, P. M., Hemstapat, V., and Giesbrecht, F. G. 1986. Chlorine dioxide inactivation of Bacillus and Clostridium spores. J. Food Sci. 51: 197-201.

Han, Y., Guentert, A. M., Smith, R. S., Linton, R. H. and Nelson, P. E. 1999a. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas as a sanitizer for tanks used for aseptic juice storage. Food Microbiol. 16: 53-61.

Han, Y. et al, The effects of washing and chlorine dioxide gas on survival and attachment of Escherichia coli O157: H7 to green pepper surfaces, Food Microbiology, 17, 521, 2000a.

Han, Y. et al, Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on surface-uninjured and -injured green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by chlorine dioxide gas as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, Food Microbiology, 17, 643, 2000b.

Han, Y. et al, Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes on green peppers (Capsicum annuum) by gaseous and aqueous chlorine dioxide and water washing, and its growth at 7oC, J. Food Protection, 64, 1730, 2001a.

Han, Y., et al, Response surface modeling for the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) by chlorine dioxide gas treatments, J. Food Protection, 64, 1128, 2001b.

Han Y., Linton, R.H., and Nelson, P.E., Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on strawberry by chlorine dioxide gas, annual meeting of Institute of Food Technologists, Anaheim, CA, 2002.

Han, Y., Applegate B., Linton R.H., and Nelson, P.E., Decontamination of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on selected surfaces by chlorine dioxide gas, Journal of Environmental Health, 66, 16, 2003a.

Han, Y. et al, Effects of chlorine dioxide gas treatment on microbial safety and quality of green peppers. Annual International Food Safety and Quality Conference, Orlando, FL, Nov. 5-7, 2003b.

Han, Y. et al, Effects of chlorine dioxide gas treatment on microbial safety and quality of strawberries, Annual International Food Safety and Quality Conference, Orlando, FL, Nov. 5-7, 2003c.

Harakeh, M. S., Berg, J. C., and Matin, A. 1985. Susceptibility of chemostat-grown Yersinia enterocolitica and Klebsiella pneumoniae to chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49(1): 69-72.

Heilprin J., ( 16 Jan. 2002 ), Fumigation to kill final anthrax spores, http://www.the dailycamera.com/news/terror/dec01/02aanth.html, Dec. 2001.

Jeng, D. K. and Woodworth, A. G. 1990. Chlorine dioxide gas sterilization under square-wave conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: 514-519

Korich, D. G., Mead, J. R., Madore, M. S., Sinclair, N. A., and Sterling , C. R. 1990. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1423-1428.

Kowalski, JB. Sterilization of Medical Devices, Pharmaceutical Components, and Barrier Isolator Systems with Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide. In Sterilization of Medical Products. Morrissey, RF; Kowalski, JB, Editors; 1998. Polyscience Publications Inc.: Champlain , NY , pp. 313–323.

Noss, C. I. and Olivier, V. P. 1985. Disinfecting capabilities of oxychlorine compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1162-1164.

Ridenour, G. M. and Armbruster, E. H. 1949. Bactericidal effects of chlorine dioxide. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 41:537.

Ridenour, G. M., Ingols, R. S. and Armbruster, E. H. 1949. Sporicidal properties of chlorine dioxide. Water Sewage Works. 96:279.

Roberts, R. G. and Reymond, S. T., Chlorine dioxide for reduction of postharvest pathogen inoculum during handling of tree fruits, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 2864, 1994.

Rosenblatt, D. H., Rosenblatt, A. A. and Knapp, J. E. Use of chlorine dioxide gas as a chemosterilizing agent. US patents 4,504,442 (1985) and 4,681,739 (1987).

Sapers, G.M. et al, Vapor-phase decontamination of apples inoculated with Escherichia coli, J. Food Sci., 68, 1003, 2003.

Tsai, L. S, Huxsoll, C. and Robertson, G., Prevention of potato spoilage during storage by chlorine dioxide, J. Food Sci. 66, 472, 2001.

White, G. C. 1972. Hand book of Chlorination. p. 596. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York .

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