Frequently Asked Questions

What is chlorine dioxide gas? Where is it used? How does it Work?
Can chlorine dioxide gas replace formaldehyde?
Why use chlorine dioxide gas instead of VHP?
Is chlorine dioxide gas effective for use in BSL-3 facilities?
How fast are typical cycle times?
What kind of concentration monitoring is available?
What is the difference between a true gas and a vapor?
Why use chlorine dioxide gas versus ethylene oxide?
Why use chlorine dioxide gas instead of steam?
Why use chlorine dioxide gas for room decontamination?
Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is corrosive?
What is chlorine dioxide gas effective against?
How safe is chlorine dioxide gas?
Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is a carcinogen?
Why use chlorine dioxide gas with its low safety limit?
Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is explosive?
Does chlorine dioxide gas leave a residue?
Why is it good that chlorine dioxide gas has an odor?
Is chlorine dioxide gas unstable?
Why is it good that chlorine dioxide gas is visible?
Isn't it a drawback that humidification is required?
How can chlorine dioxide gas be removed after a decontamination?
Can you use chlorine dioxide gas without "gas tight dampers?"
Can we use chlorine dioxide gas if we can't shut down our HVAC?
Why are your generators located outside the target chamber?
What is the difference between chlorine and chlorine dioxide gas?
Is "stabilized" chlorine dioxide the same as chlorine dioxide?
  What are the degradation/breakdown products for chlorine dioxide?

What is chlorine dioxide gas? Where is it used? How does it work?

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Can chlorine dioxide gas replace formaldehyde?

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Why use chlorine dioxide gas instead of VHP?

click here to find out

Is chlorine dioxide gas effective for use in BSL 3 facilities?

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How fast are typical cycle times?

Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer short cycle times for all applications.
• Sterilizers - 30 cu. ft. vacuum chamber in under 2.25 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)
• Isolators - 300 cu. ft. chamber in under 2.5 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)
• Rooms - 2700 cu. ft. room in under 3.5 hrs. start to finish (6-log reduction of spores)

What kind of concentration monitoring is available?

Our Clordisys-GMP, Minidox-M, and Steridox-VP all offer integrated, precise, and repeatable chlorine dioxide gas concentration monitoring and control.  Our concentration monitor has been validated by the United States Army and greatly simplifies validation efforts.

Why use a true gas vs. a vapor?

Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer quick and complete gas dispersion.
• Complete Coverage - With chlorine dioxide gas, there are no issues with tight, hidden or difficult to reach areas.
• Temperature Gradients - With chlorine dioxide gas, there are no issues with temperature or temperature gradients. As a gas, it does not condense out as VHP does. With as little as one-degree temperature gradient, VHP concentration can be affected. With VHP, this small temperature difference can cause different concentrations throughout the chamber.
• Aeration Time - Since chlorine dioxide gas is a true gas and cannot condense on the chamber surfaces, the aeration is far quicker. There is no need to wait for the condensed sterilant on the chamber surfaces to transform back into the vapor state and then be carried out of the chamber.

Why use chlorine dioxide gas versus ethylene oxide?

Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer safety, ambient temperatures and rapid aeration times.
• Chlorine dioxide gas is not carcinogenic.
• Chlorine dioxide gas is non-flammable at use concentrations.
• Reduced installation costs - our sterilizers do not require Damage Limiting Construction (DLC).
• Sterilization at ambient temperatures (15°C to 40°C).
• Chlorine dioxide gas does not require high concentrations to achieve sporicidal effects.
• Far quicker aeration due to minimal product penetration.

Why use chlorine dioxide gas versus steam?

Our chlorine dioxide gas systems offer the ability to sterilize temperature sensitive products.
• Ambient temperature sterilization chlorine dioxide gas is efficacious at ambient temperatures, which reduces the stresses of heating and cooling chambers.
• Shorter cycle times no need for cool down time as required with steam.
• Reduce chamber costs chlorine dioxide gas does not require a ASME pressure rated chamber. Our systems work under vacuum or ambient pressures.

Why use chlorine dioxide gas for room decontamination?

• Remove the human factor from the decontamination process.
• Reduce human exposure to disinfecting agents.
• Reduce overall decontamination time.

Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is corrosive?

Most people who ask this are very familiar with the liquid chlorine dioxide solutions that are available, which can be highly corrosive.  The leading liquid chlorine dioxide solutions are produced through the mixing of an acid and a base. It is this acid which makes the liquid chlorine dioxide solution highly corrosive.

ClorDiSys does not produce chlorine dioxide gas in the same way.  2% Chlorine, 98% Nitrogen gas flows through sodium chlorite produce a pure chlorine dioxide gas. There is no acid involved, making chlorine dioxide gas much gentler than the liquid solutions which people are familiar with.

The chlorine dioxide gas generated through the ClorDiSys process has an oxidation potential that is 1.5 times less that of VPHP, making it technically less corrosive than VPHP.

We have exposed computers to chlorine dioxide gas and after 25 exposures they are still running.
Click here for more information.

What is chlorine dioxide gas effective against?

ClorDiSys chlorine dioxide gas is EPA registered as a sterilant.  This means that chlorine dioxide gas is effective and can be used to destroy or eliminate all forms of microbial life including fungi, viruses, and all forms of bacteria and their spores. Spores are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganism to destroy. Therefore, EPA considers the term Sporicide to be synonymous with "Sterilizer."
Reference: http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/ad_info.htm

Click Here to download our Biological Efficacy brochure for a sample list of organisms which chlorine dioxide gas has been shown effective against.

How safe is chlorine dioxide gas?

The very reason decontaminating agents are used is for the purpose of killing organisms. As such, no agent can truly claim to be safe. However, chlorine dioxide gas is the safest fumigant available, due to its physical attributes and process advantages. Click here to request more information why chlorine dioxide gas is the safest.

Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is a carcinogen?

No, there is no data to support that chlorine dioxide gas is a carcinogen.

Why use chlorine dioxide gas with its low safety limit?

Chlorine dioxide gas does have a 0.1 ppm 8 hour threshold, but chlorine dioxide gas provides a better safety factor due to its low odor threshold, making it possible to detect at low levels without sensing equipment.  Chlorine dioxide gas has a much quicker cycle time, shortening the overall time that potentially unsafe conditions exist. VPHP and formaldehyde both have longer cycle times, where the unsafe levels exist for a longer time.

Chlorine dioxide gas is also used at much lower concentrations than both formaldehyde and VPHP.  Combined with the fact that chlorine dioxide gas has a quicker aeration time, this means that in case of an emergency, chlorine dioxide gas can be aerated to safe levels faster than formaldehyde and VPHP. Click here to request more information why chlorine dioxide gas is the safest.
Is it true that chlorine dioxide gas is explosive?

Not at use concentrations.  Chlorine dioxide gas is potentially explosive at high concentrations in a dry environment with an ignition source. ClorDiSys does not generate chlorine dioxide gas at these high concentrations, so there is no danger of explosion when using our process.  The use concentration is 250 times less than the explosive level.

Does chlorine dioxide gas leave a residue?

No, chlorine dioxide gas does not leave a residue after decontamination. One of the first commercial uses for chlorine dioxide gas was to sterilize intraocular lenses (implanted contact lenses). As such, it had to be proven that no residue was left after sterilization.

Why is it good that dioxide gas has an odor?

The fact that chlorine dioxide gas has an odor is a benefit.  The odor threshold is the same as the 8-hour safety threshold, so the user can start to detect chlorine dioxide gas while still at safe levels.  As a comparison, VPHP can only start to be detected when concentrations get above the unsafe levels and choking begins to occur.

Is chlorine dioxide gas unstable?

Chlorine dioxide gas does need to be produced in situ, however the life span of chlorine dioxide gas is in the order of days, so there is no danger of chlorine dioxide gas breaking down during decontamination.

Why is it good that chlorine dioxide gas is visible?

At every installation and service decontamination that we have done, people are always excited to see the chamber/room filled with the yellow-green chlorine dioxide gas.  The visibility confirms for people the fact that chlorine dioxide gas gets great distribution, as they see the gas everywhere in the chamber/room.  It also provides a safety factor, as the gas is recognizable inside the chamber/room, so it is visually known to be unsafe to enter the chamber/room.

Isn't it a drawback that humidification is required?

No, Humidity is required for all spore log reduction, independent upon the agent used.  Whether using EtO, formaldehyde, chlorine dioxide gas or VPHP, humidity is required.  Humidity softens up the spore walls and allows the decontaminating agent to penetrate and inactivate the spore easier.  VPHP humidifies during its injection as 65% water is vaporized and injected into the room along with the VPHP.

How can chlorine dioxide gas be removed after a decontamination?

Chlorine dioxide gas can be vented or scrubbed, depending on customer preference.

We don't have "gas tight dampers", can we still use chlorine dioxide gas?

Yes. While gas tight dampers are always the easiest to work with when shutting down the HVAC system to perform a decontamination, they are not necessary.

We cannot shut down the HVAC system in the room, can we still use chlorine dioxide gas?

Yes, in fact, it is even possible to perform a chlorine dioxide gas decontamination when the HVAC cannot be shut down, with the help of our Room Bladder System.

Why are your generators located outside the target chamber?

We keep our equipment outside of the room during decontamination for user safety.  Other equipment must be located inside the room to help it work better.

If a failure/issue occurs and the equipment is located inside the room, then the user may have to enter the room that is filled with a dangerous agent, to correct the situation and shut the system down.

If an issue occurs and the equipment is located outside the room being decontaminated (like the ClorDiSys process) then the user does not have to enter the area and can shut down the process more easily and safely.

What is the difference between chlorine gas and chlorine dioxide gas

Unlike chlorine, CD is non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic, and relatively non-irritating. CD does not form hydrochloric acid when exposed to water as does chlorine. It also does not combine with organics to form carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons. One could ask what the difference between carbon and carbon dioxide is. Similarly, chlorine is much different than chlorine dioxide gas.

Is "stabilized" chlorine dioxide the same as chlorine dioxide?

"Stabilized" chlorine dioxide has only trace amounts of chlorine dioxide. It is really buffered sodium chlorite with some peroxide. It is also a far weaker oxidizing agent. Chlorine dioxide is not a stable molecule and cannot be bottled or packaged. It lasts at most a few days, then breaks down into chlorites and chlorates.

What are the degradation / breakdown products for chlorine dioxide?

Abiotic Degradation:
Chlorine dioxide: It has a short half life, and in the presence of sunlight, whether it is in water or as a gaseous molecule, its breakdown products are: chloride and chlorate ions, between pH 4 and 7. Ultimately, oxygen is formed.
Biotic Degradation:

Chlorate and chlorite ions show a tendency to undergo biodegradation under anaerobic conditions only. There are no reports indicating these ions under go biodegradation under aerobic conditions. Biodegradation for chlorate and chlorite have been observed in anoxic ground water, sediments and some soils. The end products are again the same: chloride and oxygen.
ref. Chlorine Dioxide Environmental Fate and Transport Assessment Case 4023 US EPA

 

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